Heat exchange equipment
A heat exchanger is equipment in which a heat exchange process occurs between two environments with polar temperatures. Media can be gases, vapors and liquids. Heat exchangers , which are produced by Teplohim, can be used both as cooling and heating devices. They are usually used in the industrial sector, where heating or cooling of substances, materials or maintaining a certain temperature is necessary.
Applications for heat exchangers
Scopes of heat exchangers are diverse. The most popular are the following:
- heating and hot water supply systems, in public utilities and in production,
- in heavy industry and mechanical engineering in systems for heat removal from the working area and vice versa, etc.,
- in the chemical industry – to create the necessary temperature during chemical reactions,
- in agriculture – used in the pasteurization of milk, butter, beer, juices,
- on ships – for desalination of sea water.
High efficiency of heat exchangers is ensured by the correct selection of design, materials, increase in heat transfer area, etc.
Types of heat exchangers for use
The design of the device depends on the operating conditions. In addition to its main function, heat exchangers can also perform related processes: evaporation, mixing, condensation, phase transformations. In their design, the main are two types of heat exchangers:
- shell-and-tube – consists of a large number of tubes through which the coolant circulates, the role of which, in most cases, is hot water. Heat exchange with the surrounding space occurs through the surface of the casing. Among the disadvantages are low heat transfer coefficients and a large heat transfer surface.
- lamellar – has a large external area, and instead of tubes here flat plates are used. Inside the plates there are divided channels that exchange heat.
The efficiency of plate heat exchangers is the highest at the moment.
Types of shell-and-tube and plate heat exchangers
Shell-and-tube heat exchangers can be of the following types:
- classic, when a group of pipes for one coolant is inside the casing along which another coolant moves,
- “pipe in pipe” – inside one conductive pipe is another. This design is the simplest and cheapest, but it has a low heat transfer efficiency,
- helicoid – in this design, profiled pipes and helicoid ribs are used, with the help of which swirl flows are created inside the pipes, which improve the heat transfer conditions.
Among the plate heat exchangers, the following types are distinguished:
- collapsible – consist of a set of heat transfer plates with polymer gaskets that create closed channels for heat-conducting media. Heat transfer efficiency is high,
- soldered – in them plates are assembled in a sealed case, in which they are sealed with soldered seams, form a honeycomb structure with separate channels for circulation of both heat carriers. They have a wider range of operating temperatures and pressures.
- welded/shell-plate – they have the same principle of operation as brazed heat exchangers, but they are used for large thermal capacities, pressures and temperatures.
There are other types of heat exchangers used for highly contaminated fluids:
- spiral, when spiral rectangular channels for the movement of media are formed by large steel sheets welded to the central manifold and curled around it in a spiral
- submersible – the heated coil tube is lowered into an open container with refrigerant,
- irrigated – the pipe system is irrigated by jets of liquid that flows freely,
- duct heaters that are blown by a stream of air.
Heat exchangers can be made of materials such as:
- carbon steel,
- stainless steel,
- aluminum,
- special heat-resistant or cold-resistant alloys,
- titanium,
- graphite.
Specifications
The main parameter of the heat exchanger is its power, which depends on the heat transfer index, the heat transfer area and the temperature difference between the heat carriers. No less important parameters are the following characteristics of heat exchangers:
- difference in input temperatures of coolants,
- working and maximum heat carrier pressure,
- working and maximum temperature,
- flow rate of the heat carrier through the heat exchanger,
- inlet temperature difference,
- degree of chemical resistance of the heat exchanger (corrosion),
- gas-dynamic resistance,
- dimensions and weight,
- having access to service and repair the device.
Principle of operation of the heat exchanger
Heat exchangers can operate in three main processes: convection, thermal radiation, and thermal conductivity. Heat can be supplied to a cold object in several ways: mixing and heat transfer. For example, the mixing method combines the interaction of air and liquid. As a result, you can get high performance, which can only be achieved by mixing two media.
Each heat exchanger has a set of devices that work according to a special principle:
- recuperative (using two different liquids),
- regenerative (the presence of an element that is both a source of supplied heat and a charger).
Benefits of heat exchangers
By purchasing heat exchangers even for small production, you can get the following benefits:
- cut production costs,
- increase production efficiency,
- save production space, as the equipment takes up little space,
- due to the high turbulent flow, the self-cleaning effect is achieved, so you do not need to resort to frequent maintenance of the apparatus, etc.
At the optimal cost of equipment, it is highly efficient in operation.
Heat exchangers and their maintenance
When operating heat exchangers, it is necessary to regularly monitor the stability of the heat exchangers. Changing temperature parameters may indicate that the efficiency of the equipment is reduced. In this case, it is necessary to check the condition of the heat exchange surfaces, as salts may precipitate on them. For their cleaning, an ultrasonic method of protecting pipes and channels of heat exchangers is used – this allows to reduce the rate of scale formation or to ensure the operation of the apparatus without the formation of deposits.
Another type of work that must be performed when servicing the apparatus is cleaning external units that come in contact with atmospheric air. The external unit can become clogged with dust, leaves and other debris, because of which it stops passing air, the compressor starts to overheat, which can lead to the failure of the heat exchanger.
In order to prevent this from happening, a routine inspection of the heat exchanger must be arranged at least once a year. With regular maintenance, the equipment can last at least 18-20 years without repair.
Heat exchanger manufacturing process
The production of heat exchangers is a process of assembling several components that are selected individually:
- frame size,
- number of plates/tubes for heat transfer,
- type of sealing material.
In the manufacture of equipment, the following parameters are taken into account:
- maximum heat load,
- media between which heat exchange will take place
- temperature of the medium at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger.
In order for the heat exchanger to comply with the parameters, it is necessary to take into account the conditions of its operation in the manufacture.
How to choose a heat exchanger?
When choosing a heat exchanger, you can rely on the functions that the equipment has and on the technical characteristics.
By function:
- heating medium in heating and domestic hot water: steam and water,
- heating fuel oil during oil refining,
- oil cooling: oil coolers MO, MB,
- food cooling,
- Coolant cooling for marine engines: OB diesel coolers,
- condensation of steam deaerators of thermal points: evaporators coolers OVA, OVV.
When choosing equipment for technical specifications, it is worth paying attention to such parameters as:
- heat transfer surface area,
- heat transfer medium parameters,
- hydraulic resistance,
- nominal flow rate, etc.
Expert recommendations
The design of each heat exchanger is unique, they have a complex structure, so we recommend that you listen to the recommendations of specialists:
- The main advice on the use of heat exchangers is regular maintenance of the device and its repair,
- experts do not recommend creating heat exchangers at home, because this process is designed for production installation.
Each type of heat exchanger only works with certain pressure parameters and environmental conditions, so consider all the necessary characteristics that are suitable for the conditions of your production.
Heat exchangers from the company “Teplohim”
The Teplohim company produces various types of heat exchangers: condensers, evaporators, pipe-in-pipe, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, etc. Our company delivers throughout Russia. If you plan to order a heat exchanger, please contact Teplohim JSC. You only need to leave a request for production.